for the reaction 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) -> 2NaCl(s), how many grams of NaCl could be produced from 103g of Na and 13L of Cl2 (at STP)
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To determine the grams of NaCl produced, we first need to calculate the number of moles of Na and Cl2. Then, based on the balanced equation, we can determine the limiting reactant and use stoichiometry to find the number of moles of NaCl produced. Finally, we can convert the moles of NaCl to grams using its molar mass.
1. Calculate the moles of Na:
- Determine the molar mass of Na from the periodic table: 22.99 g/mol.
- Use the formula: moles = mass / molar mass.
moles of Na = 103 g / 22.99 g/mol
≈ 4.48 mol.
2. Calculate the moles of Cl2:
- Use the ideal gas law equation at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure):
PV = nRT, where P = 1 atm, V = 13 L, R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K, T = 273.15 K.
- Rearrange the equation to solve for moles:
n = PV / RT
= (1 atm) * (13 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273.15 K)
≈ 0.605 mol.
3. Determine the limiting reactant:
- The balanced equation is 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) -> 2NaCl(s).
- The stoichiometric ratio is 2:1 for Na:Cl2, which means 2 moles of Na reacts with 1 mole of Cl2.
- Comparing the moles of Na to Cl2, it is clear that Cl2 is the limiting reactant since it has fewer moles (0.605 mol < 4.48 mol).
4. Calculate the moles of NaCl produced:
- From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of NaCl are produced for every mole of Cl2.
- Use stoichiometry to determine the moles of NaCl:
moles of NaCl = moles of Cl2 * (2 moles of NaCl / 1 mole of Cl2)
≈ 0.605 mol * (2/1)
≈ 1.21 mol.
5. Convert moles of NaCl to grams:
- Determine the molar mass of NaCl from the periodic table: 58.44 g/mol.
- Use the formula: mass = moles * molar mass.
mass of NaCl = 1.21 mol * 58.44 g/mol
≈ 70.65 g.
Therefore, approximately 70.65 grams of NaCl could be produced.