The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection. Write your answer in three to five sentences.(
The EPAS1 gene provides a competitive advantage to individuals living in high-altitude environments by allowing them to efficiently transport oxygen in low-oxygen conditions. This gene is more beneficial in the Tibetan population, as they have historically lived in higher elevations where oxygen levels are lower compared to Han Chinese living in lower elevation regions. Through natural selection, individuals with the EPAS1 gene were more likely to survive and reproduce in high-altitude environments, leading to its prevalence in Tibetan populations.
