The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations.
Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection. Write your answer in three to five sentences. (4 points)
The EPAS1 gene provides a competitive advantage to individuals in high altitude environments by enhancing their ability to carry oxygen in low-oxygen conditions. This gene increases the chance of survival and reproduction in these environments, making it more likely to be passed on to future generations. The presence of this gene is a result of natural selection, as those individuals who possess it have a better chance of surviving and passing on their genes in high-altitude regions. It is therefore common in Tibetan populations as they have been adapting to high-altitude conditions for generations.
