The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection. Write your answer in three to five sentences. (4 points)
The EPAS1 gene provides a competitive advantage for survival in high altitude environments with low oxygen levels. Tibetans who have this gene are better equipped to deliver oxygen to their tissues, allowing them to thrive in these conditions. The gene likely arose and became prevalent in the Tibetan population through natural selection, as those with the gene had an advantage and were more likely to survive and pass on their genetic material. This illustrates the importance of natural selection in shaping the genetic traits of different populations.
