Explain the following and state four examples each
1. Forced viberation
2. Damped viberations
3. Natural viberations
4. Compound viberation
5. Sinusoidal viberations
1. Forced vibrations: These vibrations are produced when an external force is applied to a vibrating system, causing it to oscillate at a frequency different from its natural frequency. Examples include:
- A child swinging on a swing being pushed by a parent
- A guitar string being plucked
- A tuning fork being struck
- A car driving over a bumpy road
2. Damped vibrations: These vibrations gradually decrease in amplitude over time due to the dissipation of energy, such as through friction or other forms of damping. Examples include:
- A swinging pendulum gradually coming to a stop
- A car's suspension system absorbing bumps
- The movement of a spring-mass system through a thick medium
- An earthquake's vibrations being absorbed by building foundations
3. Natural vibrations: These vibrations occur spontaneously in a system at its natural frequency without any external force applied. Examples include:
- A guitar string vibrating when plucked
- A pendulum swinging back and forth
- A metal rod ringing when struck
- A tuning fork vibrating when struck
4. Compound vibrations: These vibrations result from a combination of multiple sources or modes of vibration in a system. Examples include:
- A car engine producing vibrations of different frequencies
- A complex musical chord being played on a piano
- The motion of a guitar string set in motion by plucking and also influenced by the body of the guitar
- A building experiencing vibrations from both wind and seismic forces
5. Sinusoidal vibrations: These vibrations follow a simple harmonic motion pattern, characterized by a smooth, periodic waveform. Examples include:
- The movement of a pendulum swinging back and forth
- The vibrations of a tuning fork
- The oscillations of a guitar string when plucked
- The waves produced by a vibrating elastic medium