Define the following and state four examples each
1. Forced viberation
2. Damped viberations
3. Natural viberations
4. Compound viberation
5. Sinusoidal viberations
1. Forced vibration: Vibration of a system or object that occurs due to an external force or input.
Examples:
- A tuning fork being struck with a mallet.
- A swing being pushed by a person.
- A guitar string being plucked.
- A speaker vibrating in response to an electric signal.
2. Damped vibration: Vibration of a system or object that decreases in magnitude over time due to internal or external damping forces.
Examples:
- A pendulum gradually coming to a stop due to air resistance.
- A car's suspension system dampening the vibrations of the road.
- A door closer slowing down the swinging motion of a door.
- A drumstick losing momentum as it strikes a drum.
3. Natural vibration: Vibration of a system or object that occurs at its natural frequency without any external forces applied.
Examples:
- The vibration of a guitar string when plucked.
- The swinging of a pendulum.
- The oscillation of a clock's pendulum.
- The vibration of a tuning fork when struck.
4. Compound vibration: Vibration of a system or object that is a combination or superposition of multiple individual vibrational modes.
Examples:
- A guitar string vibrating in multiple harmonic modes simultaneously.
- A complex pendulum system exhibiting both swinging and rotating motions.
- A car's chassis vibrating in different modes in response to various road conditions.
- An airplane wing experiencing different vibrational patterns due to airflow and turbulence.
5. Sinusoidal vibrations: Vibrations of a system or object that follow a sinusoidal waveform, typically described by the sine or cosine function.
Examples:
- Sound waves produced by a vibrating guitar string.
- Alternating current in an electrical circuit.
- Oscillations of a swinging pendulum.
- Vibrations of a tuning fork at its natural frequency.