The pursuit of happiness: Many Enlightenment writers talked about the importance of finding happiness and fulfillment. They saw happiness as a big goal for people, highlighting the importance of being content and fulfilled in life.
10. The role of government: Enlightenment writers debated what role government should play in society. Thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu argued that government should be limited, with power divided and individual rights protected to create a fair and successful society.
Social criticism: Enlightenment writers often criticized unfairness and inequality in society. Mary Wollstonecraft, for example, wrote to call out social wrongs and argue for change, especially in how women were treated.
Individualism: Writers in the Enlightenment, like Rousseau, stressed the importance of personal freedom. They viewed each person's rights and uniqueness as crucial, pushing back against oppressive social rules.
Rationalism: People like Voltaire and Descartes thought that reason and logic were key to understanding the world. They believed in people's ability to think logically and make society better through smart thinking.
Discuss HOW these 5 elements are seen in one of the short stories from the era. (Common Sense)
One short story from the Enlightenment era that captures these elements is Voltaire's "Candide." In "Candide," Voltaire critiques the optimism of Leibniz and explores the theme of the pursuit of happiness in a world filled with suffering and inequality.
The pursuit of happiness is a central theme in "Candide" as the protagonist, Candide, embarks on a journey to find happiness and fulfillment. Throughout the story, Candide faces numerous hardships and challenges, which make him question the notion of happiness and the existence of a benevolent God. Despite these challenges, Candide continues to seek happiness, ultimately finding contentment in simple pleasures and personal connections.
The role of government is also addressed in "Candide" through its critique of corrupt and oppressive political systems. Voltaire uses the character of Pangloss, who represents blind optimism and philosophical optimism, to satirize the naivety of those who believe in a perfect government. Through Candide's journey, Voltaire highlights the importance of individual rights and freedom in creating a fair and just society.
Social criticism is another major theme in "Candide," as Voltaire exposes the injustices and inequalities present in society. The characters in the story, including Candide, are subjected to various forms of injustice and mistreatment, which prompt them to question the fairness of the world. Voltaire uses satire and irony to criticize social institutions and norms, calling for reform and change.
Individualism is also a key element in "Candide," as Candide's journey is driven by his desire for personal freedom and self-determination. Throughout the story, Candide asserts his independence and autonomy, challenging the societal norms and expectations placed upon him. Voltaire uses Candide as a symbol of individualism, advocating for the rights and uniqueness of each person.
Lastly, rationalism is prevalent in "Candide" through Voltaire's use of reason and logic to critique society and human nature. Voltaire employs satire and wit to expose the irrationality and absurdity of the world, urging readers to think critically and question the status quo. Through the character of Candide, Voltaire demonstrates the power of rational thinking in navigating a complex and unpredictable world.
In conclusion, "Candide" encapsulates the key elements of the Enlightenment era, such as the pursuit of happiness, the role of government, social criticism, individualism, and rationalism. Through its timeless themes and satirical tone, "Candide" remains a powerful critique of society and a call for greater awareness and understanding.