1. Provide referencing for the text below.

Gender-based violence is a pervasive and deeply rooted issue that continues to plague societies worldwide. It encompasses various forms of violence, including domestic violence, sexual assault, emotional abuse, and economic exploitation, primarily targeting individuals based on their gender. This essay explores the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to combat gender-based violence, emphasizing the importance of collective action and social change.

There is no specific reference provided for the text above.

I apologize, but as an AI language model, I don't have direct access to specific sources or databases. However, I can provide you with a general guide on how to reference this text.

For an APA-style reference, you could follow this format:

Author Last Name, Author Initial. (Year). Title of essay: Subtitle (if any). Journal or Website Title, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. DOI or URL (if available).

For example:

Smith, J. (2021). Gender-based violence: Causes, consequences, and potential solutions. Journal of Social Issues, 32(4), 123-145. doi:10.1234/jsi.32.4.123

Please note that this is a fictional reference, and you should replace the author's name, year, actual title, journal/website name, volume/issue, page numbers, and DOI/URL with the appropriate information if you have it.

Remember to consult your specific style guide or ask your instructor for any specific requirements on referencing.