Name and explain two laws legislation that protect citizens against gender based violence in our country
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How does HIV and AIDS infect a person
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that spreads through certain bodily fluids that can damage the immune system over time. The virus can be present in blood, semen, l and rectal fluids, and breast milk. HIV is transmitted in several ways, including:
1. Unprotected sex: Transmission most often occurs during l or sex without the use of a condom with an HIV-positive partner.
2. Blood transfusion or Organ transplant: HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusion or organ transplant from an HIV-positive donor.
3. Sharing Needles: Sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV can also transmit the virus.
4. Mother-to-child transmission: An HIV-positive mother can pass the virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Once a person is infected with HIV, the virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if left untreated. It can take months or even years for HIV to develop into AIDS, during which time the person may not experience any symptoms.
In our country, there are various laws and legislation that protect citizens against gender-based violence. I will explain two prominent ones:
1. The Domestic Violence Act: This legislation provides legal protection for victims of domestic violence, including gender-based violence. It defines domestic violence broadly to encompass physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological abuse within relationships. The act establishes mechanisms for obtaining protection orders, which can include restraining orders, occupation orders, and non-molestation orders. These orders aim to keep victims safe by prohibiting the abuser from approaching or contacting them and potentially removing them from their residence. The Domestic Violence Act also establishes support services for victims, such as counseling and rehabilitation programs.
To access protection under this act, a victim can take the following steps:
a) Report the incident to the police: Contact the local police station and file a formal report providing details of the violence experienced.
b) Seek legal representation: Engage a lawyer who specializes in domestic violence or consult legal aid organizations to understand the legal procedures and options available.
c) Apply for a protection order: Approach the appropriate court, usually a family or district court, and submit an application for a protection order. This can involve providing evidence and testimony of the abuse suffered.
d) Co-operate with the legal process: Attend court hearings, provide requested evidence, and assist in the case against the abuser. It is important to follow the legal process and cooperate with the authorities to ensure the maximum protection available.
2. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act: This legislation addresses gender-based violence in the workplace, focusing specifically on sexual harassment against women. It defines what constitutes sexual harassment and mandates the establishment of an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) in every workplace with more than ten employees. The ICC is responsible for receiving and investigating complaints, conducting inquiries, and recommending action against the perpetrator. The Act also safeguards the confidentiality of the victim's identity and ensures protection against victimization or retaliation.
To seek protection under this act:
a) Identify the sexual harassment: Recognize instances of unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, such as unwanted advances, comments, or gestures that create a hostile or uncomfortable work environment.
b) Lodge a complaint: Report the incident to the ICC in your workplace within a specified time frame. Every organization must have a complaint mechanism in place, which should be clearly communicated to all employees.
c) Participate in the investigation: Once the complaint is filed, the ICC will initiate an investigation. Cooperate by providing necessary information, witnesses, and evidence. Confidentiality should be maintained throughout the process.
d) Seek redressal: If the ICC finds merit in the complaint, it may recommend appropriate actions such as warnings, suspension, transfer, or termination of the perpetrator. The victim should be notified of the outcome and provided necessary support.
It is crucial to be aware of your rights and the procedures outlined in these laws to ensure the protection they offer. Seeking legal assistance from professionals and utilizing available support services can provide guidance and aid in navigating the legal processes effectively.