Etiologies of iufd
1. Placental insufficiency: When the placenta is not functioning properly, it can lead to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, resulting in iufd.
2. Chromosomal abnormalities: Genetic disorders such as Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 21 can increase the risk of iufd.
3. Maternal health conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, and autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of iufd.
4. Infections: Infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, and syphilis can lead to iufd.
5. Umbilical cord abnormalities: Issues such as umbilical cord compression, knots, or entanglement can disrupt blood flow to the fetus and cause iufd.
6. Fetal growth restriction: When the fetus is not growing at a normal rate, it can be at risk of iufd due to inadequate nourishment and oxygen supply.
7. Maternal age: Advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of iufd.
8. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, drug use, and excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy can increase the risk of iufd.
9. Trauma: Injuries sustained during pregnancy, such as from car accidents or physical violence, can lead to iufd.
10. Unknown causes: In some cases, the cause of iufd remains unknown, despite thorough investigation and testing.