Review: Explain the historical context for the issuing of the Tokugawa Laws of Japan in 1634.
The Tokugawa Laws, also known as the Sakoku Edicts, were a series of laws issued by the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan in 1634. These laws were a response to the increasing influence of foreign powers and the threat of colonization in Japan during this time period.
The 16th century in Japan saw the rise of European powers, particularly the Portuguese and the Spanish, who established trading ports and introduced Christianity to Japan. This foreign influence led to political instability and conflict within Japan, as different factions vied for control over the country.
In response to these challenges, the Tokugawa shogunate, under the leadership of Tokugawa Iemitsu, issued the Tokugawa Laws to restrict foreign influence and maintain control over Japan. These laws included the prohibition of foreign travel, the expulsion of foreign missionaries, and the isolation of Japan from the rest of the world.
The Tokugawa Laws were part of a larger policy of isolationism known as sakoku, which aimed to protect Japan from outside threats and preserve traditional Japanese culture and values. This policy remained in place for over two centuries, until Japan was forced to open its borders to foreign trade in the mid-19th century.
Overall, the issuing of the Tokugawa Laws in 1634 was a response to the changing political and social dynamics of the time, as Japan sought to protect its sovereignty and independence in the face of increasing foreign influence.