In 3–5 sentences, compare the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England with the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in Russia.(4 points)
The causes of constitutional monarchy in England were rooted in the desire of the English Parliament to limit the power of the monarch and establish a system of shared governance. This was largely influenced by the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which resulted in the overthrow of James II and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with the signing of the English Bill of Rights. The effects of constitutional monarchy in England include the establishment of a constitutional framework that provided greater protections for individual rights and liberties, as well as a system of checks and balances.
In contrast, the causes of absolute monarchy in Russia were influenced by the historical legacy of autocratic rule and the consolidation of power by Tsars such as Ivan the Terrible. The effects of absolute monarchy in Russia were characterized by a centralization of power in the hands of the Tsars, leading to a lack of political freedoms and limited avenues for popular participation in governance. This resulted in a system of governance marked by frequent abuses of power and the suppression of dissent.
Overall, the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England and absolute monarchy in Russia differ due to their respective historical contexts and political developments. While the former sought to limit the power of the monarch and establish a system of shared governance, the latter centralized power in the hands of the Tsars, resulting in a lack of political freedoms and popular participation.