Gene mutations occur in plant and animal cell nuclei when
there are changes in the genetic material of the cell, specifically in the DNA sequence. These changes can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to certain environmental factors such as radiation, chemicals, or viruses.
In plant cells, gene mutations can lead to changes in plant traits such as flower color, plant height, or disease resistance. These mutations can occur naturally or can be induced through breeding or genetic engineering techniques.
In animal cells, gene mutations can lead to a variety of effects depending on the specific gene affected. They can cause genetic disorders, increase susceptibility to diseases, affect physical characteristics, or alter metabolic processes. Some mutations may have no noticeable effect, while others can be harmful or even lethal.
Overall, gene mutations can have significant impacts on the development, function, and characteristics of both plant and animal cells.