What 2 ways can the Earth’s layers be defined
1.
2.
What are the 3 layers based on composition
1.
2.
3.
What are the 5 layers based on physical properties
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where are the least dense materials found in the Earth?
What force pulls the heavier materials moreso downward?
What are the 3 processes that explain why the center of the Earth is hot?
1.
2.
3.
Scientists “See” inside the Earth using _______
Studying what material can also give scientists information about the inside of the Earth
What are the 3 types of rock?
1.
2.
3.
How is sedimentary rock formed?
How is igneous rock formed?
How is metamorphic rock formed?
What processes pull rock into the Earth?
What is mineral hardness?
What is “streak”?
What is “Luster” regarding minerals
What did James Hutton propose?
What is “Original Horizontality”?
What is “Cross-cutting relationships?”
What is “Superposition”?
How does radioactive dating help to determine the age of rock?
1. By their structure and composition
2. By their physical properties
1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Core
1. Lithosphere
2. Asthenosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Outer core
5. Inner core
The least dense materials are found in the Earth's crust.
Gravity pulls the heavier materials more strongly downward.
1. Radioactive decay
2. Heat from the initial formation
3. Heat from the ongoing differentiation
Scientists "see" inside the Earth using seismic waves.
Studying seismic waves can also give scientists information about the inside of the Earth.
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic
Sedimentary rock is formed through the accumulation and cementation of sediment particles.
Igneous rock is formed through the solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).
Metamorphic rock is formed through the alteration of existing rock under heat and pressure.
The processes that pull rock into the Earth include subduction, convection, and gravity.
Mineral hardness refers to the resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion.
Streak is the color of a mineral's powder when it is scraped across a rough surface.
Luster refers to the way light is reflected off the surface of a mineral.
James Hutton proposed the concept of uniformitarianism, which states that the processes that shaped the Earth in the past are the same processes that are still shaping it today.
Original horizontality states that sedimentary rocks are initially deposited in horizontal layers.
Cross-cutting relationships state that any geologic feature that cuts across another feature is younger than the feature it cuts across.
Superposition states that in undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest rocks are at the top.
Radioactive dating helps determine the age of rocks by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes within them.