In 3–4 sentences, briefly compare the role of the Church in Europe during feudalism in the Middle Ages to its role politically, socially, and economically during the Renaissance.(2 points)
During feudalism in the Middle Ages, the Church played a dominant role in European society. It was the central authority and provided spiritual guidance to the people. It also had significant political power, as many rulers were crowned by the Church. However, during the Renaissance, the power of the Church started to decline, and it became more focused on religious matters. Politically, the Church's influence decreased as secular powers gained more control. Socially, the Church still remained important, but it faced challenges from humanist and intellectual movements. Economically, the Church was still wealthy, but its control over trade and finance diminished.
In 1–2 sentences, explain how the fall of the Western Roman Empire changed life in Europe.(2 points)
The fall of the Western Roman Empire led to the breakdown of centralized authority, causing political instability, economic decline, and social upheaval across Europe as feudalism emerged in its place.
In 3–4 sentences, identify and describe three of the values and characteristics that were part of the humanist movement during the European Renaissance.(4 points)
The humanist movement during the European Renaissance emphasized the value of secular knowledge and education, promoting the idea that individuals could shape their own destiny through reason and intellect. Humanists also valued the study of classical texts, such as those of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers, as a means to understand the world and improve society. Additionally, humanism emphasized the importance of individualism, encouraging self-expression, self-improvement, and the development of one's unique talents and abilities.
In 1–2 sentences, analyze how political and religious changes brought about by the Catholic Reformation had long-lasting impacts on early modern and contemporary societies.(2 points)
The political and religious changes brought about by the Catholic Reformation, such as the establishment of new religious orders and the Council of Trent, led to a revitalized and reformed Catholic Church that exerted significant influence on political affairs and shaped religious practices for centuries to come, while also contributing to the further division and conflict within Christianity and the rise of Protestantism.
In 3–5 sentences, describe the advances of two female scientists including any influences from the Scientific Revolution. (4 points)
Put it like a 2nd grader typed it