In 3–5 sentences, compare the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England with the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in Russia.
The causes of constitutional monarchy in England were rooted in political and historical developments. The English Civil War, the Glorious Revolution, and the Magna Carta all played a role in limiting the powers of the monarchy and establishing parliamentary rule. The effects of constitutional monarchy in England included the establishment of a system of checks and balances, protection of individual rights, and the gradual development of democratic principles.
On the other hand, the causes of absolute monarchy in Russia were influenced by autocratic traditions and the centralization of power. Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great were instrumental in consolidating power in the hands of the Tsar. The effects of absolute monarchy in Russia were characterized by the absence of political freedoms, repression of dissent, and economic and social inequality. Overall, while constitutional monarchy in England led to the gradual expansion of democratic values, absolute monarchy in Russia resulted in the concentration of power and lack of political liberties.