Which represents a correct match between ideas related to the formation of the universe? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
glowing nebulae — dark energy
glowing nebulae — dark energy
greatest percent of mass of universe — dark matter
greatest percent of mass of universe — dark matter
structures forming in the early universe — dark matter
structures forming in the early universe — dark matter
accelerating expansion — dark energy
greatest percent of mass of universe — dark matter
accelerating expansion — dark energy
Drag each item to indicate whether it is a characteristic of dark matter or baryonic matter.(2 points)
Dark Matter:
Baryonic Matter:
Answers: interacts with baryonic matter, has not been observed directly, has been observed directly, interacts with electromagnetic radiation, does not interact with electromagnetic radiation, does not interact with baryonic matter
Dark Matter:
- interacts with baryonic matter
- has not been observed directly
- does not interact with electromagnetic radiation
Baryonic Matter:
- has been observed directly
- interacts with electromagnetic radiation
- does not interact with baryonic matter
Which evidence supports the idea that Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is a remnant of the Big Bang?(1 point)
Responses
Its temperature is uniform.
Its temperature is uniform.
Its mass is uniform.
Its mass is uniform.
Its temperature fluctuates greatly.
Its temperature fluctuates greatly.
Its mass fluctuates greatly.
Its temperature is uniform.
As evidence supporting the Big Bang theory, what does the redshift of light from galaxies indicate?(1 point)
Responses
The universe is mainly hydrogen.
The universe is mainly hydrogen.
The universe is expanding.
The universe is expanding.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old.
The universe is cooling off.
The universe is expanding.
Which of these items provide evidence supporting the Big Bang theory? SELECT THE TWO CORRECT ITEMS.(1 point)
Responses
composition of matter in the universe
composition of matter in the universe
cosmic background radiation
cosmic background radiation
sizes and shapes of distant galaxies
sizes and shapes of distant galaxies
rate of star formation
cosmic background radiation
sizes and shapes of distant galaxies
How is dark energy related to the theory of the Big Bang?(1 point)
Responses
It causes the spinning of galaxies.
It causes the spinning of galaxies.
It seeded the formation of galaxies and star clusters.
It seeded the formation of galaxies and star clusters.
It causes the universe to expand.
It causes the universe to expand.
It causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
It causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
Which of the following statements provide evidence to support the big bang theory? SELECT THE TWO CORRECT ANSWERS.(1 point)
Responses
The universe began as a very high density singularity.
The universe began as a very high density singularity.
Dark matter makes up the majority of matter in the galaxy.
Dark matter makes up the majority of matter in the galaxy.
Small spiral galaxies become larger elliptical galaxies when they collide.
Small spiral galaxies become larger elliptical galaxies when they collide.
The ratios of hydrogen and helium in the universe match those of the early universe.
The universe began as a very high density singularity.
The ratios of hydrogen and helium in the universe match those of the early universe.
How does the change in the temperature of the universe provide evidence for universe expansion that supports the Big Bang Theory?(1 point)
Responses
The universe is cooling which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos accumulates.
The universe is cooling which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos accumulates.
The universe is cooling which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos disperses.
The universe is cooling which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos disperses.
The universe is warming which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos disperses.
The universe is warming which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos disperses.
The universe is warming which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos accumulates.
The universe is cooling which, according to the Big Bang Theory, is expected to happen as the cosmos disperses.
Which statements about nuclear fusion are false? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
Nuclear fusion releases large amounts of energy.
Nuclear fusion releases large amounts of energy.
The fuel for nuclear fusion is often uranium.
The fuel for nuclear fusion is often uranium.
Nuclear fusion is used to generate electricity at nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fusion is used to generate electricity at nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fusion takes place in the cores of stars.
The fuel for nuclear fusion is often uranium.
Nuclear fusion is used to generate electricity at nuclear power plants.
How does weak background radiation coming from every direction in the sky support the Big Bang Theory?(1 point)
Responses
It provides evidence of the universe's increasing mass.
It provides evidence of the universe's increasing mass.
It provides evidence of universe expansion.
It provides evidence of universe expansion.
It provides evidence of the universe's decreasing mass.
It provides evidence of the universe's decreasing mass.
It provides evidence of universe contraction.
It provides evidence of universe expansion.
Which of these items provide evidence supporting the Big Bang theory? Select the two correct items.(1 point)
Responses
rate of star formation
rate of star formation
sizes and shapes of distant galaxies
sizes and shapes of distant galaxies
cosmic background radiation
cosmic background radiation
composition of matter in the universe
cosmic background radiation
composition of matter in the universe
A scientist, using a telescope, sees arcs of light around a galaxy. In 3–5 sentences, explain the cause of the arcs of light.(4 points)
The arcs of light the scientist is observing around a galaxy are caused by a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. This occurs when the massive galaxy that is being observed acts like a lens, bending and magnifying the light from objects located behind it, typically more distant galaxies or quasars. The gravitational field of the intervening galaxy is strong enough to warp the fabric of space-time, thereby bending the paths of light that pass through this field.
The arcs are therefore the distorted and magnified images of these background objects, stretched along the curve of the gravitational potential created by the galaxy in the foreground. Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool in astrophysics and cosmology, as it allows scientists to study the distribution of matter in the universe, including the otherwise invisible dark matter.
Select the correct answer from each list.(2 points)
When a vibrating object is moving (toward / away from / alongside) an observer, the measured frequency of the vibrations will be lower than if the object and observer are both stationary. If the vibrating object is moving (away from / alongside / toward) an observer, the measured frequency of the vibrations will be higher than the actual reate of the vibration of the object. When a star is moving towards an observer on earth, the light spectrum of the star will appear (redshifted / blueshifted / the same) compared to the light spectrum of the sun, which is considered to be in Earth's frame of reference.
When a vibrating object is moving away from an observer, the measured frequency of the vibrations will be lower than if the object and observer are both stationary. If the vibrating object is moving toward an observer, the measured frequency of the vibrations will be higher than the actual rate of the vibration of the object. When a star is moving towards an observer on earth, the light spectrum of the star will appear blueshifted compared to the light spectrum of the sun, which is considered to be in Earth's frame of reference.
Blueshift is observed when(1 point)
Responses
a distant luminous object travels rapidly towards an observer.
a distant luminous object travels rapidly towards an observer.
a luminous object is stationary compared to an observer.
a luminous object is stationary compared to an observer.
a distant luminous object travels rapidly away from an observer.
a distant luminous object travels rapidly away from an observer.
a luminous object travels alongside an observer.
a distant luminous object travels rapidly towards an observer.
How is dark energy related to the theory of the Big Bang?(1 point)
Responses
It causes the universe to expand.
It causes the universe to expand.
It causes the spinning of galaxies.
It causes the spinning of galaxies.
It seeded the formation of galaxies and star clusters.
It seeded the formation of galaxies and star clusters.
It causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate
It causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
Which statements describe ways that nuclear fission is different than nuclear fusion? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
Nuclear fission is used to produce electricity at nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fission is used to produce electricity at nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fission involves one large atom splitting into two smaller atoms.
Nuclear fission involves one large atom splitting into two smaller atoms.
Nuclear fission takes place in the nucleus of an atom.
Nuclear fission takes place in the nucleus of an atom.
Nuclear fission releases a huge amount of energy.
Nuclear fission is used to produce electricity at nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fission involves one large atom splitting into two smaller atoms.
Relate dark matter to the development of the universe after the Big Bang. In 3-5 sentences, speculate on how the development of the universe would have been different if there had been no dark matter. In your answer, use the term STRUCTURES.(4 points)
Dark matter is believed to have played a crucial role in the development of structures in the universe after the Big Bang. It acted as the scaffolding on which normal matter coalesced due to its gravitational pull, leading to the formation of stars, galaxies, and larger cosmic structures. Without dark matter, the development of the universe would have been markedly different. There would likely have been fewer and less massive structures, as the gravitational force necessary to pull ordinary matter into dense enough clusters to form galaxies and stars would have been insufficient. The universe without dark matter would be smoother and more uniform, with structures being smaller and potentially more spread out, as normal matter on its own wouldn't have enough gravitational attraction to overcome expansion and form the complex structures we see today.
Which of the following statements provide evidence to support the big bang theory? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
Dark matter makes up the majority of matter in the galaxy.
Dark matter makes up the majority of matter in the galaxy.
The ratios of hydrogen and helium in the universe match those of the early universe.
The ratios of hydrogen and helium in the universe match those of the early universe.
Small spiral galaxies become larger elliptical galaxies when they collide.
Small spiral galaxies become larger elliptical galaxies when they collide.
The universe began as a very high density singularity.
The ratios of hydrogen and helium in the universe match those of the early universe.
The universe began as a very high density singularity.