The era of classical management
-Total appraisal of classical theory
The era of classical management refers to a time period in the early 20th century when a number of theories and principles of management were developed. This era is known for its focus on efficiency, hierarchy, and structure within organizations.
One of the key theories of classical management is scientific management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. Scientific management aimed to improve efficiency and productivity by analyzing and optimizing work processes. Taylor believed that by carefully studying work tasks and using scientific methods, managers could find the "one best way" to perform each task.
Another important theory of classical management is administrative management, developed by Henri Fayol. Fayol focused on the key functions of managers, which he identified as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He emphasized the importance of clear communication, division of labor, and the creation of a formal organizational structure.
Classical management theory also includes the principles of bureaucracy, developed by Max Weber. Weber believed that organizations should be based on a rational and bureaucratic authority structure, with clear rules and regulations that define the roles and responsibilities of individuals within the organization.
Overall, the era of classical management brought about a systematic and scientific approach to management. It emphasized the importance of efficiency, structure, and hierarchy within organizations. While these theories have certainly contributed to the development of modern management practices, they have also been criticized for their rigid and mechanistic approach to managing people.