Mediterranean Test
Q1
Use the chart to answer the question.
Democracy - Government of the people, Emphasis on voting rights and freedom to choose, Relied on an assembly or ecclesia
Monarchy - Hereditary government with a king or queen, Ruler had the final say, Korete and Gerousia were common
Oligarchy - Government ruled by a group or few, Had a tyrannical or amiable rule, Held power over the majority
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of each government type? (1 point)
Oligarchies and monarchies had a leader who created rules and laws while democracies had a single ruler who was chosen by the people.
Oligarchies and monarchies had a single ruler that presided over the people while democracies relied entirely on the people.
Oligarchies and monarchies had a ruling class that presided over the people and made decisions while democracies relied entirely on the people.
Oligarchies and monarchies had a ruling class that presided over the people while democracies relied on a smaller ruling class.
Q2
A major characteristic of ancient Greek culture was (1 point)
the practicing of their monotheistic beliefs.
the use of a single written holy text.
the belief that the gods interact with everyday life.
the separation of Greek mythology from religion.
Q3
Which literary work was created during the Archaic period? (1 point)
Oedipus the King
The Iliad
Agamemnon
The Clouds
Q4
What caused the Greeks to unify in defense of their culture and way of life? (1 point)
the attempt by Sparta to control all of Greece
the invasion of Corinth by Thermopylae
the attempt of Athens to force democracy on all the poleis
the threat of the Persian Empire conquering Greece
Q5
Use the chart to answer the question.
Civilization and Characterizes
Inca Empire - Monarch ruler, Centralized government, Ethnic Inca nobility, Local and regional administrators with some autonomy
Mayan Civilization - Demigod king, Unique city-states with own laws, culture, and history, Three-tiered system of classes, Women rulers were common
Roman Republic - Two annually elected consuls, Senate and assemblies worked together to help the consuls make decisions, Plebeians and patricians made up the Tribal and Centuriate Assemblies, Dictator in times of dire need
Which example best explains the most crucial element of each civilization? (1 point)
The Roman Republic’s annually elected consuls were the single most important element of the Republic. The Mayan ethnic nobility was crucial in helping decide who the next king would be. The Incan monarch was the most important part of the centralized government.
The Roman Republic’s dictator was the most important person in the entire system of governance. The Inca monarch was the most important part of the empire, as he did not rely on other sources of help or information. The Mayan three-tiered social system was the most important element, as it helped the demigod ruler make decisions.
The Roman Republic’s plebeian and patrician classes were important in decision making. The Mayans centralized government was solely responsible for all functions within the empire. The Incan tolerance for women rulers was important in lawmaking.
The Roman Republic’s senate and assemblies were crucial for decision making. The Inca Empire’s administrators helped the king keep order and law in different territories, no matter how large the empire was. The Mayan civilization had city-states that were less centralized than either the Republic or Inca Empire.
Q6
What was the name of the political party with which Julius Caesar was affiliated? (1 point)
the Optimates
the First Triumvirate
the Second Triumvirate
the Populares
Q7
Write the Events that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and rise of the Roman Empire in the correct order (1 point)
First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus established
Plebeian tribune Gaius Gracchus assassinated
Octavian succeeds Caesar and forms the Second Triumvirate
Plebeian tribune Tiberius Gracchus assassinated
Caesar officially declares war on Rome proper by marching troops over Rubicon
Ides of March, Caesar is assassinated, the Roman Republic finally falls
Sulla marches on Rome, deposes Marius
Octavian’s victory at the Battle of Actium over Mark Antony, marking the start of the Roman Empire
Beginning of the Pax Romana—prosperity for Rome End of the Pax Romana
Q8
How was Roman society changed by the spread of Christianity? (1 point)
Roman society merged their polytheistic beliefs with Christianity.
Christianity became the new major religion of the empire.
The persecution of Christians increased following the Edict of Milan.
Different languages emerged from the spread of Christianity.
Q9
Which event led to Emperor Nero persecuting the Christians? (1 point)
the Council of Nicaea
the Great Fire of Rome
the crucifixion of Jesus
the Edict of Milan
Q10
What role did Constantine play in the spread of Christianity throughout the empire? (1 point)
When Constantine declared Christianity legal, other leaders refused to convert, which influenced pagan followers and limited the spread of Christianity.
After Constantine declared Christianity legal, Bishop Donatus advised forgiveness of previous church leadership, which inspired the rapid spread of Christianity throughout the empire.
Constantine declared Christianity legal, and it quickly spread throughout the land as Christians were free to worship and were given important leadership positions.
After Constantine lost the Battle of Milvian Bridge, the emperors and their people renewed their faith in pagan gods, limiting the spread of Christianity.
Q11
Which of the following was a political cause of the East-West Schism? (1 point)
disputes over the language of religious service
disputes over the role of religious icons
disputes over the nature of God and the Nicene Creed
disputes over the leadership of the Christian Church
Q12
Which statement explains how Justinian’s Code was a turning point in the regulation of the Byzantine Empire? (1 point)
Justinian’s Code complicated the existing legal code of the time period.
Justinian’s Code was added to the Byzantine Empire after his reign, when the empire started declining.
Justinian’s Code did not have an effect on the Byzantine Empire because the people considered traditional Roman law more important than new Byzantine laws.
Justinian’s Code codified Roman law and allowed Justinian to have greater control of his empire.
Q13
Which statement accurately describes the role of key individuals in the rise and spread of Islam? (1 point)
Muhammad was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, and the Aṣḥāb people and companions all ruled territories that secured religious and social power expanding the Islamic Empire after Muhammad’s death.
Muhammad was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, and the four caliphs ruled as separate leaders after the Sunni-Shiite split, which expanded the Islamic Empire after Muhammed’s death.
Muhammad was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, the companions spread the religion, and the first four caliphs expanded the Islamic Empire after Muhammad’s death.
Allah was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin; the companions spread the religion as the first four caliphs expanded the Islamic Empire after Muhammad’s death.
Q14
In what way is ordering the key people and events helpful for understanding the growth of the Islamic Empire? (1 point)
Ordering the key people and events allows historians to understand which singular event led to the creation of the Islamic Empire.
Ordering the key people and events allows historians to understand the teachings of the Koran that developed the Islamic Empire.
Ordering the key people and events allows historians to understand the impact of the origins upon the development of the Islamic Empire.
Ordering the key people and events allows historians to understand exactly who created the Islamic Empire.
Q15
What is the cause and effect of the following described?
Causes: Political Revolts, Military Conquests, or Leadership changes and military conquest
Effects: The Umayyad Caliphate expanded to Iraq and centralized Islamic power, The Abbasid caliphate expanded to Iraq and developed socially and culturally, The Abbasid Caliphate expanded to Arabian Peninsula and centralized Islamic power, or The Abbasid Caliphate expanded to Anatolia and developed socially and culturally
Q16
Analyze why the Ottomans chose the term sultan for their leader. (1 point)
The name gave the impression Ottoman rulers were liked by caliphs.
It was given to the Ottoman leaders by Muhammad.
It was the name of the spiritual leader of Islam.
It sounded important when spoken.
Q17
Summarize the reasoning by Raymond Ibrahim that Europe was saved from Islam. (1 point)
The seat of Orthodox Christianity moved to Russia.
The cannon stopped the Muslim forces from coming into Europe.
Defeats of Muslims in 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe.
Four other important seats of Christianity were under Islamic control.
Q18
From which position were Christians and Jews excluded in the Islamic empires? (1 point)
soldiers
judges
teachers
administrators
Q19
Who was the emperor who reigned during the Islamic conquests of the Sasanian Empire? (1 point)
Yazdegerd III
Kavad II
Muhammad
Constantine
The emperor who reigned during the Islamic conquests of the Sasanian Empire was Yazdegerd III.
Q1: The statement that accurately describes the characteristics of each government type is: Oligarchies and monarchies had a ruling class that presided over the people and made decisions while democracies relied entirely on the people.
Q2: A major characteristic of ancient Greek culture was the belief that the gods interact with everyday life.
Q3: The literary work that was created during the Archaic period is The Iliad.
Q4: The threat of the Persian Empire conquering Greece caused the Greeks to unify in defense of their culture and way of life.
Q5: The example that best explains the most crucial element of each civilization is: The Roman Republic’s senate and assemblies were crucial for decision making. The Inca Empire’s administrators helped the king keep order and law in different territories, no matter how large the empire was. The Mayan civilization had city-states that were less centralized than either the Republic or Inca Empire.
Q6: Julius Caesar was affiliated with the political party called the Populares.
Q7: The events that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and rise of the Roman Empire in the correct order are as follows:
1. Beginning of the Pax Romana—prosperity for Rome
2. First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus established
3. Plebeian tribune Gaius Gracchus assassinated
4. Sulla marches on Rome, deposes Marius
5. Plebeian tribune Tiberius Gracchus assassinated
6. Octavian succeeds Caesar and forms the Second Triumvirate
7. Caesar officially declares war on Rome proper by marching troops over Rubicon
8. Octavian’s victory at the Battle of Actium over Mark Antony, marking the start of the Roman Empire
9. Ides of March, Caesar is assassinated, the Roman Republic finally falls
10. End of the Pax Romana
Q8: Roman society was changed by the spread of Christianity as Christianity became the new major religion of the empire.
Q9: Emperor Nero persecuted the Christians after the Great Fire of Rome.
Q10: Constantine played a role in the spread of Christianity throughout the empire by declaring Christianity legal, and it quickly spread throughout the land as Christians were free to worship and were given important leadership positions.
Q11: A political cause of the East-West Schism was disputes over the leadership of the Christian Church.
Q12: Justinian’s Code was a turning point in the regulation of the Byzantine Empire as it codified Roman law and allowed Justinian to have greater control of his empire.
Q13: The statement that accurately describes the role of key individuals in the rise and spread of Islam is: Muhammad was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, the companions spread the religion, and the first four caliphs expanded the Islamic Empire after Muhammad’s death.
Q14: Ordering the key people and events is helpful for understanding the growth of the Islamic Empire as it allows historians to understand the impact of the origins upon the development of the Islamic Empire.
Q15: The cause and effect of the described events are as follows:
Cause: Political Revolts, Military Conquests, or Leadership changes and military conquest
Effect: The Umayyad Caliphate expanded to Iraq and centralized Islamic power
Q16: The Ottomans chose the term sultan for their leader because it sounded important when spoken.
Q17: According to Raymond Ibrahim, Europe was saved from Islam because defeats of Muslims in the 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe.
Q18: Christians and Jews were excluded from the position of administrators in the Islamic empires.
Q19: The emperor who reigned during the Islamic conquests of the Sasanian Empire was Yazdegerd III.
To answer these questions, you will need to have knowledge of Mediterranean history and do some analysis based on the given information. Here are the steps to answer each question:
Q1:
- Read the descriptions of each government type: democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy.
- Identify the characteristics mentioned for each government type.
- Based on the information, determine which statement accurately describes the characteristics of each government type.
Q2:
- Read the options and identify the characteristic of ancient Greek culture.
- Analyze each option and choose the one that best represents the characteristic of ancient Greek culture.
Q3:
- Read the options and identify the literary works mentioned.
- Determine which literary work was created during the Archaic period based on your knowledge of ancient Greek literature.
Q4:
- Read the options and identify the historical events mentioned.
- Analyze each option and choose the event that caused the Greeks to unify in defense of their culture and way of life.
Q5:
- Read the characteristics of each civilization and analyze them.
- Identify the most crucial element for each civilization based on the provided information.
- Choose the option that best explains the most crucial element of each civilization.
Q6:
- Identify the political party with which Julius Caesar was affiliated.
- Select the correct option based on your knowledge of Roman history.
Q7:
- Read the events mentioned and analyze their chronological order.
- Arrange the events in the correct order from the beginning to the end.
Q8:
- Analyze how the spread of Christianity affected Roman society.
- Choose the option that best explains the change in Roman society due to the spread of Christianity.
Q9:
- Identify the event that led to Emperor Nero persecuting the Christians.
- Choose the correct option based on your knowledge of Roman history.
Q10:
- Analyze the role of Constantine in the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.
- Choose the option that best explains the role of Constantine.
Q11:
- Identify the political cause of the East-West Schism.
- Choose the correct option based on your knowledge of the East-West Schism.
Q12:
- Read the statement about Justinian's Code and its effect on the Byzantine Empire.
- Analyze each option and choose the one that explains how Justinian's Code was a turning point in the regulation of the Byzantine Empire.
Q13:
- Analyze the role of key individuals in the rise and spread of Islam.
- Identify the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, and the roles of the Aṣḥāb people, companions, and caliphs.
- Choose the option that accurately describes the role of key individuals.
Q14:
- Understand the purpose of ordering the key people and events for understanding the growth of the Islamic Empire.
- Choose the option that best explains the usefulness of ordering the key people and events.
Q15:
- Analyze the described causes and effects.
- Match each cause with its corresponding effect.
Q16:
- Analyze the reason why the Ottomans chose the term sultan for their leader.
- Choose the option that best explains their reasoning.
Q17:
- Summarize the reasoning provided by Raymond Ibrahim that Europe was saved from Islam.
- Choose the option that accurately reflects the reasoning.
Q18:
- Identify the position from which Christians and Jews were excluded in the Islamic empires.
- Choose the correct option based on your knowledge of the treatment of religious minorities in Islamic empires.
Q19:
- Identify the emperor who reigned during the Islamic conquests of the Sasanian Empire.
- Choose the correct option based on your knowledge of the historical timeline.