What is a particular problem for protruded states? (1 point)

the existence of an independent enclave in the state
the availability of infrastructure throughout the state
defense of the salient region
immediate effects of climate change

defense of the salient region

The particular problem for protruded states is the existence of an independent enclave in the state.

To determine the particular problem for protruded states, we need to understand the concept of protruded states first. A protruded state is a type of state or country that has a section that extends out from the main territory, creating a narrow strip of land. This unique geographical shape can pose various challenges for the state.

Option 1: The existence of an independent enclave in the state (1 point)
In the case of protruded states, there may be an independent enclave within their borders. An enclave is a portion of territory that is entirely surrounded by another country. It can create political, social, and economic complexities. It can lead to issues of governance, as the enclave may have different cultural, ethnic, or religious backgrounds, which can result in tensions and conflicts. The presence of an independent enclave could pose challenges to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the protruded state.

Option 2: The availability of infrastructure throughout the state
The availability of infrastructure throughout the state (0 points) does not specifically address the problems faced by protruded states. While infrastructure is crucial for the development and connectivity of any region, it is not directly related to the unique challenges faced by protruded states.

Option 3: Defense of the salient region (0 points)
Defense of the salient region is indeed a significant problem for protruded states. The narrow strip of land in a protruded state can be vulnerable to military aggression from neighboring states. Defending and securing this region can be logistically challenging due to its stretched-out shape, making it easier for enemy forces to surround and isolate the salient region. This can pose a threat to the territorial integrity and national security of the protruded state.

Option 4: Immediate effects of climate change (0 points)
While the immediate effects of climate change are a global concern, they are not specific to protruded states. Climate change impacts can affect any region, regardless of its geographic shape.

In conclusion, the particular problem for protruded states is the existence of an independent enclave in the state. This can give rise to governance issues and potential conflicts, challenging the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the protruded state. The defense of the salient region is also a significant concern due to its vulnerability to military aggression.