what is the relationship between ribosomes and rough er
The relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that ribosomes are often attached to the surface of rough ER. This attachment gives the rough ER its name, as the ribosomes create a "rough" texture on the surface of the ER.
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins within cells. When ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, they synthesize proteins directly into the ER lumen (the interior of the ER). These newly synthesized proteins then undergo various modifications, such as folding and addition of sugars, as they pass through the rough ER. This process ensures proper protein folding and quality control.
Once proteins are modified in the rough ER, they are typically transported to other parts of the cell or exported out of the cell. The rough ER acts as a site for protein synthesis and processing, while the ribosomes attached to it provide the machinery for protein synthesis.
The relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that ribosomes are located on the surface of the rough ER. The rough ER is called "rough" because it is studded with ribosomes, giving it a bumpy appearance.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, where they read the instructions from the messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into a protein chain. Ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins that are destined for secretion or to be inserted into the cell membrane. These proteins are produced by the ribosomes and are directly deposited into the lumen (interior) of the rough ER as they are being synthesized.
The rough ER acts as a site for protein synthesis and modification. As the ribosomes attach to its surface and synthesize proteins, the rough ER provides a space for these proteins to be properly folded, processed, and modified before they are transported to their final destinations within the cell or outside of the cell.
In summary, ribosomes are located on the rough ER and use the surface of the rough ER as a platform for protein synthesis. The proteins synthesized are then processed, modified, and transported within or outside the cell with the help of the rough ER.
The relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involves their functional interdependency. The rough ER is an interconnected network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs that are studded with ribosomes on their outer surface. Ribosomes, on the other hand, are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
When ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, they become known as membrane-bound ribosomes. These ribosomes translate the genetic information from the mRNA (messenger RNA) and synthesize proteins directly into the lumen, or inner space, of the rough ER. The ribosomes facilitate the process of protein synthesis, while the rough ER provides the necessary environment and infrastructure for protein folding and modification.
As the newly synthesized proteins are being produced in the rough ER, they are often modified through processes like glycosylation (addition of sugar molecules) or folding into their proper three-dimensional structure. These modifications are crucial for the proteins to obtain their functional shape and attain proper functionality within the cell or for eventual secretion.
After the proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER, they may remain within the ER for processing or be transported to other locations within the cell. The rough ER serves as an intermediary between ribosome-associated protein synthesis and the transportation of these proteins to their final destinations, such as the Golgi apparatus or cell membrane.
In summary, ribosomes attached to the rough ER play a significant role in the production of proteins. The rough ER provides a scaffold for ribosomes and facilitates the post-translational modifications of the synthesized proteins. This cooperation between ribosomes and rough ER ensures the proper synthesis, folding, and processing of proteins within the cell.