What theory was Thomas Hobbes describing when he wrote about an agreement between the people and government to work in concert with each other and sacrifice some power to make society work?
A.
divine right of kings theory
B.
social contract theory
C.
pluralism theory
D.
force theory
B. social contract theory
The correct answer is B. social contract theory.
To arrive at this answer, it is helpful to have some knowledge about the different theories mentioned in the question. Let's briefly explain each theory:
A. Divine right of kings theory: This theory asserts that a monarch's right to rule is granted by a divine power or God.
B. Social contract theory: This theory, often associated with Thomas Hobbes, argues that individuals willingly give up some of their rights and freedoms to a government in exchange for protection and the maintenance of social order.
C. Pluralism theory: This theory emphasizes the existence of multiple centers of power and influence within a society, advocating for the inclusion of diverse groups and interests in decision-making processes.
D. Force theory: This theory posits that governments emerge through the use of force, where one person or group establishes control over others by coercion or violence.
Given the context of the question, Thomas Hobbes' theory best aligns with the concept of a social contract. In his book, "Leviathan" (1651), Hobbes described an agreement between individuals and the government, where people would surrender certain rights and power to the state, enabling society to function effectively. This theory reflects the idea that order and stability are achieved through a mutual agreement between the people and the government.