The correct answer is c. Sumerian. The Sumerian civilization, located in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), is often referred to as the "cradle of civilization." They made significant contributions to city-building, agriculture, and writing. The Sumerians built the first known cities, developed advanced irrigation systems for farming, and created the earliest form of writing known as cuneiform.
The ancient civilization often referred to as the "cradle of civilization" due to its contributions to city-building, farming, and writing is the Sumerian civilization. To arrive at this answer, you can eliminate options A (Aztec) and B (Mayan) because they are civilizations that originated in the Americas and are not considered the cradle of civilization. This leaves us with options C (Sumerian) and D (Babylonian). While both civilizations had significant contributions to human history, the Sumerians are often credited with being the earliest known civilization to have developed these foundational elements of civilization. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Sumerian).
