The doctrine that gives the Supreme Court the authority to check the executive and legislative branches is called judicial review.
The doctrine that gives the Supreme Court the authority to check the executive and legislative branches is judicial review. Judicial review is the power of the court to review and invalidate laws or actions that are found to be unconstitutional. This doctrine was established by the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. The Supreme Court ruled that it has the power to declare laws passed by the legislative branch or actions taken by the executive branch as unconstitutional, thus acting as a check on the other branches of government. Therefore, the correct answer is "judicial review" and the case that established this doctrine is "Marbury v. Madison."
