Which of these is an example of direct characterization?

1) The author directly states that the protagonist is courageous and kind-hearted.

2) The author describes the protagonist as being brave in a dangerous situation.
3) The protagonist's actions reveal their compassionate nature to the reader.
4) The protagonist's appearance is described as strong and confident.

The example of direct characterization is:
1) The author directly states that the protagonist is courageous and kind-hearted.

Direct characterization involves the author explicitly describing a character's traits or characteristics. It does not rely on the reader inferring information from the character's actions or dialogue. An example of direct characterization could be a statement like, "She was a kind and caring person."

However, since you have not provided any options to choose from, I am unable to provide a specific example from the given choices. Could you please provide the options?