References on social stratification in relation to health
1. Lynch, J. W., Smith, G. D., Kaplan, G. A., & House, J. S. (2000). Income inequality and mortality: importance to health of individual income, psychosocial environment, or material conditions. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 320(7243), 1200-1204.
This study examines the relationship between income inequality and mortality rates, highlighting the importance of individual income, psychosocial environment, and material conditions on health.
2. Marmot, M. (2004). The status syndrome: How social standing affects our health and longevity. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Marmot's book explores the concept of social status and its impact on health. It delves into the physiological and psychological effects of social stratification on individuals' well-being.
3. Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001). Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Reports, 116(5), 404-416.
This article focuses on racial disparities in health outcomes and emphasizes the role of residential segregation as a fundamental cause of such disparities.
4. Navarro, V. (2004). Neoliberalism and social determinants of health: LInks and consequences. The International Journal of Health Services, 34(2), 205-221.
Navarro's paper examines the links between neoliberalism, social determinants of health, and social stratification. It discusses how economic policies and social inequality can have negative consequences for population health.
5. Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 80-94.
This seminal article by Link and Phelan introduces the concept of fundamental causes of diseases and explores how social conditions, including social stratification, contribute to health inequalities.
6. Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. (1999). Income inequality and health: Pathways and mechanisms. Health Services Research, 34(1 Pt 2), 215–227.
This article provides an overview of the pathways and mechanisms through which income inequality affects health outcomes. It discusses how different social and economic factors interact to create health disparities.
7. Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., & Tehranifar, P. (2010). Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S28-S40.
Phelan, Link, and Tehranifar's paper offers a comprehensive examination of the fundamental causes of health inequalities. It discusses how social conditions, including social stratification, create and perpetuate health disparities.
8. Charles, C. Z. (2010). Measures matter: A review of women's health measurement agendas. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1_suppl), S16-S32.
This article focuses on gender disparities in health outcomes and highlights the role of social stratification in shaping women's health status. It also discusses different measurement approaches to capturing these disparities.
9. Pampel, F. C., Krueger, P. M., & Denney, J. T. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health behaviors. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 349-370.
Pampel, Krueger, and Denney's review article explores socioeconomic disparities in health behaviors. It discusses how social stratification influences the adoption of health-promoting or health-damaging behaviors.
10. Braveman, P., & Gruskin, S. (2003). Defining equity in health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(4), 254-258.
Braveman and Gruskin's article focuses on the concept of health equity and examines the role of social stratification in creating health disparities. It provides a framework for understanding and addressing social inequalities in health.
Step 1: Start by understanding social stratification:
Social stratification refers to the division of society into different social classes based on various factors like wealth, occupation, education, and social status. It influences people's opportunities, resources, and access to healthcare, which in turn can have significant impacts on their health outcomes.
Step 2: Explore key theories and concepts related to social stratification and health:
- Social Determinants of Health: This theory emphasizes that social factors, including socioeconomic status, education, employment, and housing, play a crucial role in determining health outcomes.
- Health Inequality: Health inequality refers to the disparities in health statuses experienced by different social groups, with those in lower social positions often experiencing worse health outcomes.
- The Gradient effect: The gradient effect suggests that health improves progressively as one moves up the social hierarchy, and each step up the ladder is associated with better health outcomes.
Step 3: Look for scholarly articles and publications:
To delve deeper into the relationship between social stratification and health, consider consulting scholarly articles and publications. Some recommended references are:
- "The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone" by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett.
- "Health Inequality: Morality and Measurement" by Angus Deaton.
- "Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts" by World Health Organization.
- "The Black Report" by Sir Douglas Black.
- "Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient" by Sir Michael Marmot.
Step 4: Use databases for academic research:
Utilize academic research databases to search for scholarly articles on social stratification and health. Some widely-used databases include Google Scholar, JSTOR, PubMed, and Social Science Research Network (SSRN).
Step 5: Review relevant studies and reports:
Review studies or reports from reputable organizations that focus on social stratification and health. Examples include reports from the World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
By following these steps, you should be able to find a range of references that explore the relationship between social stratification and health.