Harvard referencing on social stratification in relation to health
The Harvard referencing style is commonly used to cite and reference academic sources in social sciences and related disciplines. To properly reference sources on social stratification in relation to health, you can follow the guidelines provided below for various source types.
1. Book:
Author(s) Last name(s), Initial(s). (Year). Title of book. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Marmot, M. (2004). The status syndrome: How social standing affects our health and longevity. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
2. Journal article:
Author(s) Last name(s), Initial(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page numbers. DOI or URL (if available).
Example:
Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. (1997). Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health and social cohesion: Why care about income inequality? BMJ, 314(7086), 1037-1040. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7086.1037
3. Website:
Author(s) Last name(s), Initial(s) or Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage/document/presentation. Site Name. Retrieved from URL
Example:
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
4. Chapter in an edited book:
Author(s) Last name(s), Initial(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) Last name(s), Initial(s) (Ed.), Title of book (pp. Page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2005). Fundamental sources of health inequalities. In T. M. A. A. Social Epidemiology (pp. 71-86). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Note: Make sure to adapt the above examples according to the specific details of your sources, such as the number of authors, publication dates, and page numbers.
Additionally, it is essential to create an alphabetical reference list or bibliography at the end of your work, which includes all the sources you cited in your paper.
To provide a step-by-step guide on how to reference a Harvard-style citation for a source discussing social stratification in relation to health, here's what you can do:
Step 1: Locate the necessary information from the source you want to cite. This information usually includes the author(s), the date of publication, the title of the article or book chapter, the title of the book or journal, and relevant page numbers.
Step 2: Start with the last name of the author(s) followed by their initials. If there are multiple authors, separate their names with commas. If there is no author, use the title of the article or book chapter as the starting point.
Step 3: Include the year of publication in parentheses after the author's name(s). If the source has no specific publication date, use (n.d.) as an alternative.
Step 4: Add the title of the article or book chapter in sentence case (capitalize only the first letter and any proper nouns). Follow the title with a period.
Step 5: Italicize the title of the journal or book (if applicable) in title case. After the title, include the volume number (if applicable), issue number (if applicable), and page numbers (if applicable). Use the format: (volume number) (issue number), page numbers.
Step 6: Finish the citation with the source's URL or doi (digital object identifier) if it was accessed online. If it is a print source, omit the URL or doi.
Here is an example of how the final Harvard-style citation could look for a journal article discussing social stratification in relation to health:
Smith, J. W. (2019). Social stratification and health outcomes. Journal of Health Sociology, 15(3), 123-145. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx
Please note that you should adapt the provided example with the specific details of the source you are citing, such as the actual author name(s), publication date, title, etc.