What is the different between formal learning and informal learning
Formal learning is a structured and organized educational approach that typically takes place in a classroom or online setting and is usually guided by an instructor or teacher. It follows a planned curriculum and is often associated with certificates, diplomas or degrees.
Informal learning, on the other hand, happens outside of a formal setting and is characterized by self-directed learning that is often spontaneous and unstructured. Informal learning can happen anywhere - at home, on the job, or through interaction with others – and can take many forms such as observing, discussion, mentorship, and experience-based learning. It is often self-paced and not associated with any certification or degree.
Formal learning and informal learning are two different approaches to acquiring knowledge and skills. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of the differences between the two:
1. Definition:
- Formal Learning: Formal learning refers to structured and organized learning that typically takes place in an educational institution or training setting. It follows a planned curriculum and is often led by qualified instructors or teachers.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning refers to spontaneous and unstructured learning that occurs through daily experiences, interactions, and observations. It can happen anywhere, at any time, and does not follow a specific curriculum or syllabus.
2. Setting:
- Formal Learning: Formal learning takes place in an official setting, such as schools, colleges, universities, or training centers. It usually follows a specific schedule, with defined starting and ending times.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning can occur in various settings, such as at home, workplace, community, or even during leisure activities. It is not bound by a specific schedule and can happen at any time or place.
3. Structure and Organization:
- Formal Learning: Formal learning is highly structured and organized. It follows a prescribed curriculum, which outlines the subjects, topics, learning objectives, and assessment methods. It typically involves assignments, exams, and grades to assess learning progress.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning lacks a predetermined structure or organization. It is learner-driven and allows individuals to choose what, when, and how they want to learn. There are no formal assessments or grades involved.
4. Learning Goals:
- Formal Learning: Formal learning is designed to meet specific learning goals and objectives. It focuses on acquiring knowledge, understanding concepts, and developing skills related to a particular field or subject.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning is driven by the individual's personal interests, curiosity, and motivations. There may not be explicit learning goals, as the focus is on discovering, exploring, and gaining practical knowledge through real-life experiences.
5. Instructional Method:
- Formal Learning: Formal learning employs structured instructional methods, such as lectures, presentations, textbooks, assignments, group activities, and laboratory experiments. It often involves direct guidance from instructors and active participation from learners.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning relies on various methods, including observation, trial and error, hands-on experiences, discussions, mentorship, self-study, online resources, and social learning. It allows for more flexibility and self-directed learning.
6. Recognition and Credentials:
- Formal Learning: Successful completion of formal learning programs leads to recognized qualifications, degrees, diplomas, or certifications, which are widely accepted by employers and institutions.
- Informal Learning: Informal learning does not typically provide formal credentials. However, the knowledge and skills gained through informal learning can still be valuable and may be recognized through practical demonstrations or portfolio assessments.
Both formal learning and informal learning have their own advantages and can complement each other. Formal learning provides structured knowledge and recognized credentials, while informal learning fosters practical skills and lifelong learning.