This is an example of "composition," a technique in which an artist arranges the elements of a work of art (such as a photograph) to create a desired visual effect. In this case, the photographer is using composition to control the lighting, subject position, and angle of the photo, in order to create a specific mood or atmosphere.
The technique you are referring to is called "lighting and composition." Lighting refers to the way light is used in a photograph to highlight certain areas or create a specific mood, while composition refers to the arrangement of elements within the frame. By manipulating the subject position and angle, as well as controlling the lighting, photographers can create desired effects and control the visual impact of their photographs.
