8. By default, the tilde ~ is a shorthand for which directory?

a) The child
b) The parent
c) User’s current
d) User’s home

9. Given the following attribute listing, answer the question below:
Drwxrwxrwx 2 Cassy staff 512 Nov 13 12:02 Projects
-rw-rw-rw- 1 smith teacher 1232 Sep 3 12:43 assnmnt1
-rw------- 1 smith teacher 1232 dec 6 1:23 project1
-rwx------ 1 Cassy staff 532 Jul 3 2:23 project2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 smith teacher 9332 dec 6 9:13 testing 1

To add read permissions for the files project1 and project to the group staff, you would execute the following:
a) Chmod g+r project1; chmod g+r project2
b) chmod g+r project1 o+r project2
c) chmod 704 project1; 740 project2
d) chmod o+r, g+r project1 project2
e) chmod og+r project?

d) chmod o+r, g+r project1 project2