Ammonia gas can be prepared by the reaction CaO(s) + 2NH4Cl(s) -> 2NH3(g) + H2O(g) + CaCl2(s)
If 112 g CaO reacts with 224 g NH4Cl, how many moles of reactants and products are there when the reaction is complete?
See your later post (much later).
To determine the number of moles of reactants and products, we need to calculate the molar masses of CaO, NH4Cl, NH3, H2O, and CaCl2.
The molar mass of CaO (calcium oxide) is:
Ca: 40.08 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol
Total molar mass: 40.08 + 16.00 = 56.08 g/mol
The molar mass of NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) is:
N: 14.01 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol (4 hydrogen atoms in NH4)
Cl: 35.45 g/mol
Total molar mass: 14.01 + (1.01 x 4) + 35.45 = 53.49 g/mol
The molar mass of NH3 (ammonia) is:
N: 14.01 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol (3 hydrogen atoms in NH3)
Total molar mass: 14.01 + (1.01 x 3) = 17.03 g/mol
The molar mass of H2O (water) is:
H: 1.01 g/mol (2 hydrogen atoms in H2O)
O: 16.00 g/mol
Total molar mass: (1.01 x 2) + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol
The molar mass of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) is:
Ca: 40.08 g/mol
Cl: 35.45 g/mol (2 chlorine atoms in CaCl2)
Total molar mass: 40.08 + (35.45 x 2) = 111.98 g/mol
Now we can calculate the number of moles of reactants and products:
First, calculate the number of moles of CaO:
Moles of CaO = Mass of CaO / Molar mass of CaO
Moles of CaO = 112 g / 56.08 g/mol
Moles of CaO = 2.000 mol
Next, calculate the number of moles of NH4Cl:
Moles of NH4Cl = Mass of NH4Cl / Molar mass of NH4Cl
Moles of NH4Cl = 224 g / 53.49 g/mol
Moles of NH4Cl = 4.186 mol
According to the balanced chemical equation, the ratio of CaO to NH4Cl is 1:2, which means that 1 mole of CaO reacts with 2 moles of NH4Cl.
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of NH3:
Moles of NH3 = Moles of NH4Cl x (2 mol NH3 / 2 mol NH4Cl)
Moles of NH3 = 4.186 mol x 2/2
Moles of NH3 = 4.186 mol
Similarly, we can also calculate the number of moles of H2O and CaCl2 using the balanced chemical equation.
Moles of H2O = Moles of NH3 = 4.186 mol
Moles of CaCl2 = Moles of NH4Cl = 4.186 mol
Therefore, when the reaction is complete, there are 2.000 moles of CaO, 4.186 moles of NH4Cl, 4.186 moles of NH3, 4.186 moles of H2O, and 4.186 moles of CaCl2.
To find the number of moles of reactants and products, we need to use the given mass and molar mass of each substance.
First, let's calculate the number of moles of CaO:
Mass of CaO = 112 g
Molar mass of CaO = 40.08 g/mol
Number of moles of CaO = Mass of CaO / Molar mass of CaO
Number of moles of CaO = 112 g / 40.08 g/mol
Number of moles of CaO ≈ 2.79 mol
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of NH4Cl:
Mass of NH4Cl = 224 g
Molar mass of NH4Cl = 53.49 g/mol
Number of moles of NH4Cl = Mass of NH4Cl / Molar mass of NH4Cl
Number of moles of NH4Cl = 224 g / 53.49 g/mol
Number of moles of NH4Cl ≈ 4.19 mol
Next, let's calculate the number of moles of NH3:
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of CaO reacts with 2 moles of NH4Cl to produce 2 moles of NH3.
Moles of NH3 = 2 × Moles of CaO (since the ratio is 1:2)
Moles of NH3 = 2 × 2.79 mol
Moles of NH3 ≈ 5.58 mol
Finally, let's calculate the number of moles of H2O and CaCl2:
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of CaO reacts with 2 moles of NH4Cl to produce 1 mole of H2O and 1 mole of CaCl2.
Moles of H2O = Moles of CaO
Moles of H2O ≈ 2.79 mol
Moles of CaCl2 = Moles of CaO
Moles of CaCl2 ≈ 2.79 mol
Therefore, when the reaction is complete, there are approximately:
- 2.79 moles of CaO
- 4.19 moles of NH4Cl
- 5.58 moles of NH3
- 2.79 moles of H2O
- 2.79 moles of CaCl2