Indonesia's path to independence different from Malaysia's?
Indonesia and Malaysia both gained independence from colonial rule in the mid-20th century, but their paths to independence were quite different.
Indonesia's path to independence was marked by a long and bloody struggle against Dutch colonial rule. The Indonesian independence movement, led by figures such as Sukarno and Hatta, fought for independence through a combination of diplomatic negotiations, guerrilla warfare, and mass mobilization. The Dutch finally recognized Indonesia's independence in 1949 after a bitter conflict.
In contrast, Malaysia's path to independence was relatively peaceful and negotiated. The country was formerly known as Malaya, and gained independence from British colonial rule in 1957 through a constitutional agreement. In 1963, Malaysia was formed through the merger of Malaya with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which later seceded from the federation in 1965). Malaysia's independence was achieved through peaceful negotiations and collaborations between local leaders and British authorities.
Overall, while both Indonesia and Malaysia achieved independence from colonial rule around the same time, Indonesia's struggle was more violent and protracted, while Malaysia's was largely peaceful and negotiated.