physical lines of defense include?
Physical lines of defense refer to the body's natural barriers and mechanisms that protect against pathogens and harmful substances. Some examples of physical lines of defense include:
1. Skin: The skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body. The outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, is made up of tightly packed cells that are difficult for pathogens to penetrate.
2. Mucous membranes: Mucous membranes line the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts, as well as the eyes, nose, and mouth. These membranes produce mucus, a sticky substance that traps pathogens and helps to flush them out of the body.
3. Cilia: Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help to sweep mucus and pathogens out of the body.
4. Stomach acid: The stomach produces hydrochloric acid, which helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens that are ingested with food and water.
5. Tears: Tears contain enzymes that help to kill bacteria and other pathogens that come into contact with the eyes.
6. Saliva: Saliva contains enzymes that help to break down pathogens in the mouth before they can enter the body.
7. Earwax: Earwax helps to trap and prevent bacteria and other pathogens from entering the ear canal.
These physical lines of defense work together to protect the body from harmful substances and pathogens, helping to prevent infection and disease.