Describe the relationship between the structure of the water molecule and the fact that many call water, universal solvent give examples
The structure of the water molecule, with its polar covalent bonds and bent shape, contributes to its ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances, earning it the title of "universal solvent."
Water's polar nature means that the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge. This polarity allows water molecules to attract and interact with other charged or polar substances, such as salts, sugars, and acids, by forming hydrogen bonds.
For example, when table salt (sodium chloride) is added to water, the polar water molecules surround and interact with the positively charged sodium ions and the negatively charged chloride ions, causing the salt crystals to dissolve into a solution. Similarly, when sugar is added to water, the polar water molecules are able to break apart the sugar molecules and form hydrogen bonds with them, causing the sugar to dissolve.
Overall, the structure of the water molecule enables it to effectively dissolve a wide range of substances, making it an essential solvent in various chemical and biological processes.