What happened at Alcatraz Island beginning on November 20, 1969?
On November 20, 1969, a group of Native American activists, led by the group Indians of All Tribes (IAT), occupied Alcatraz Island in an act of protest against the United States government's treatment of Native Americans. They claimed that the island, which was previously a federal prison, rightfully belonged to Native Americans under the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868.
The activists, including students, urban Indians, and American Indian Movement (AIM) members, took control of the island and demanded that it be turned into a Native American cultural center and university. They also called for an end to discriminatory policies against Native Americans and the restoration of tribal land rights.
The occupation lasted for 19 months, during which time the activists faced numerous challenges including limited resources, government opposition, and internal disagreements. Despite these difficulties, the occupation raised awareness about the plight of Native Americans and inspired other indigenous movements across the country.
The occupation of Alcatraz Island officially ended on June 11, 1971, when federal marshals removed the remaining activists from the island. The legacy of the occupation continues to inspire and empower Native American activists in their ongoing struggle for rights and recognition.