Flowering plants have common ancestors with other plants and plant-like organisms. The table below shows the last common ancestor shared between flowering plants and two other types of organisms.
Last common ancestor with flowering plants
Cone-producing plants 250 million years ago
Green Algae 500 million years ago
A scientist compares the amino acid sequences of a protein produced by flowering plants, a cone-producing plant, and green algae.
What prediction about these sequences is supported by the data in the table?
(1 point)
Responses
The amino acid sequences for all three organisms will be identical.
The amino acid sequences for all three organisms will be identical.
The amino acid sequences for all three organisms will have no similarities.
The amino acid sequences for all three organisms will have no similarities.
The amino acid sequences for flowering plants and green algae will be the most similar.
The amino acid sequences for flowering plants and green algae will be the most similar.
The amino acid sequences for flowering plants and cone-producing plants will be the most similar.
The amino acid sequences for flowering plants and cone-producing plants will be the most similar.
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The amino acid sequences for flowering plants and cone-producing plants will be the most similar.
Which statement best describes the relationship between protein, amino acids, and DNA?(1 point)
Responses
Amino acids code for DNA. DNA is made up of protein.
Amino acids code for DNA. DNA is made up of protein.
DNA codes for amino acids. Amino acids are made up of proteins.
DNA codes for amino acids. Amino acids are made up of proteins.
DNA codes for proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids.
DNA codes for proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids.
Amino acids code for protein. Protein is made up of DNA.
DNA codes for proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids.
How does DNA analysis help scientists better understand evolution?(1 point)
Responses
It shows us an organism’s genome sequence.
It shows us an organism’s genome sequence.
It shows us what codons an organism has.
It shows us what codons an organism has.
It helps chart changes in amino acid sequences over time.
It helps chart changes in amino acid sequences over time.
It spells out the amino acids that make up an organism.
It helps chart changes in amino acid sequences over time.
This chart shows how organisms are classified by their characteristics.
A diagram titled Classification of Animals shows a tree of images and names of animal ancestry. A diagram, labeled Classification of Animals, shows images of animals under different groups. From left to right, top to bottom: ● Classification of Animals to Vertebrates ○ Vertebrates to Warm-Blooded ■ Warm-Blooded to Mammals ● Mammals to bear, tiger, whale ■ Warm-Blooded to Birds ● Birds to ostrich, peacock, eagle ○ Vertebrates to Cold-Blooded ■ Cold-Blooded to Fish ● Fish to salmon, goldfish, guppy ■ Cold-Blooded to Reptiles ● Reptiles to turtle, crocodile, snake ■ Cold-Blooded to Amphibians ● Amphibians to frog, toad, newt ● Classification of Animals to Invertebrates ○ Invertebrates to With Jointed Legs ■ With Jointed Legs to with 3 pairs of legs ● With 3 pairs of legs to ant, cockroach, lady ■ With Jointed Legs to with more than 3 pairs of legs ● With more than 3 pairs of legs to scorpion, spiders, millipede ○ Invertebrates to Without Legs ■ Without Legs to Worm-like ● Worm-like to earthworm, leech ■ Without Legs to Not-worm like ● Not-worm like to fluke worm, tapeworm.
Based on this diagram, which two groups of organisms share the most similar DNA?
(1 point)
Responses
bears and salmon
bears and salmon
warm-blooded and cold-blooded
warm-blooded and cold-blooded
turtles and frogs
turtles and frogs
vertebrates and invertebrates
vertebrates and invertebrates
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warm-blooded and cold-blooded
A scientist compares the amino acid sequences of four species to a similar protein produced by a human. The table shows the percentage of similarity in the amino acid sequence of each organism compared to the human sequence.
Organism Amino acid sequence similarity to human (%)
Species 1 85
Species 2 48
Species 3 39
Species 4 57
Which claim is supported by the evidence in the table?
(1 point)
Responses
Humans have the closest evolutionary relationship to Species 1.
Humans have the closest evolutionary relationship to Species 1.
Humans have the fewest common ancestors with Species 1 and 4.
Humans have the fewest common ancestors with Species 1 and 4.
Humans do not have any common ancestors with Species 2 or 3.
Humans do not have any common ancestors with Species 2 or 3.
Humans have the most distant evolutionary relationship to Species 4.
Humans have the most distant evolutionary relationship to Species 4.
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