ddx for prolonged labour

1. Malposition of the baby

2. Large baby (macrosomia)
3. Cephalopelvic disproportion (baby's head too large to pass through mother's pelvis)
4. Failure of the baby's head to engage in the pelvis
5. Inefficient uterine contractions
6. Maternal exhaustion
7. Past traumatic birth experience
8. Mother's anxiety or fear
9. Medical conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure
10. Fetal distress
11. Placental abruption
12. Cervical insufficiency
13. Maternal obesity
14. Multiple pregnancies or prior cesarean section.