What causes seasonal variations on earth

Revolution of earth on its axis
Elliptical path the sun takes around the earth
Distance of earth from the sun at any given time
Tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation

All of these factors contribute to the seasonal variations on Earth. The revolution of Earth on its axis causes the length of daylight to vary throughout the year. The elliptical path the sun takes around the Earth affects the intensity of sunlight received at different times of the year. The distance of Earth from the sun at any given time also impacts the amount of solar energy received. Lastly, the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation is the main reason for the changing seasons, as it causes different parts of the Earth to receive more or less direct sunlight throughout the year.