Which of the following best analyzes the fragmentation of Sudan and South Sudan
The fragmentation of Sudan and South Sudan can be best analyzed through the historical context of colonialism and ethno-political divisions. Sudan was a former British and Egyptian colony which experienced a long history of ethnic and religious tensions between the Arab-Muslim population in the north and the predominantly Christian and animist population in the south.
These tensions were exacerbated by decades of civil war, economic disparities, and political marginalization of the southern communities by the ruling elite in the north. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 led to the eventual secession of South Sudan in 2011 after a referendum where the majority of the southern population voted for independence.
The fragmentation of Sudan and South Sudan can thus be understood as a result of the complex interplay of historical, cultural, and political factors that have shaped the identity and aspirations of the different ethnic groups within the region. Ongoing conflicts, such as the civil war in South Sudan, further illustrate the challenges of creating cohesive and stable nation-states amidst deep-seated divisions.