Explain IgA and IgE

IgA and IgE are both types of immunoglobulins, commonly known as antibodies, that play important roles in the immune system.

IgA is the most abundant antibody found on mucosal surfaces such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. It plays a crucial role in protecting these areas from pathogens and other foreign substances. IgA antibodies can neutralize viruses and toxins, prevent bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces, and help regulate the balance of microbes in the gut. IgA is also present in saliva, tears, and breast milk, providing passive immunity to infants.

IgE is involved in allergic reactions and immune responses to parasitic infections. When the body is exposed to an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory molecules. This causes the symptoms of allergies, including runny nose, itchy eyes, and skin rashes. In the case of parasitic infections, IgE helps to activate other immune cells to attack and eliminate the parasites.

Overall, IgA and IgE are both essential components of the immune system, helping to protect the body from pathogens and maintain a healthy balance between immune responses and tolerance.