What are the differential diagnosis of placental Insufficiency in the second trimester

1. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

2. Gestational diabetes
3. Maternal hypertension or preeclampsia
4. Placental abruption
5. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities
6. Chronic kidney disease
7. Maternal smoking or substance abuse
8. Maternal infections such as cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, or syphilis
9. Thrombophilia
10. Uterine anomalies or abnormalities