Explain IUFD and IUGR and with their causes , risk factors, their major manifestations with their associated symptoms and how they cause decreased fetal heart movement or placental insufficiency
IUFD stands for Intrauterine Fetal Demise, which is the medical term used to describe the death of a fetus inside the uterus before the onset of labor. This can occur due to a variety of reasons such as congenital abnormalities, infections, placental insufficiency, genetic disorders, umbilical cord accidents or complications during pregnancy.
IUGR, on the other hand, stands for Intrauterine Growth Restriction, which is a condition in which a fetus fails to reach its full growth potential while in the uterus. This can be caused by maternal factors such as smoking, drug use, malnutrition, hypertension, or diabetes, as well as fetal factors such as chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders.
Both IUFD and IUGR can have serious consequences for the fetus and can increase the risk of stillbirth. Major manifestations of IUFD and IUGR include decreased fetal movement, reduced fetal heart rate variability, and abnormal amniotic fluid levels. Symptoms of IUFD and IUGR may include decreased fetal movement, decreased fundal height, and abnormal ultrasound findings.
In cases of IUFD, the fetus may stop moving due to fetal distress or hypoxia caused by placental insufficiency. Placental insufficiency occurs when the placenta is unable to provide enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, leading to decreased fetal movement and other signs of distress.
It is important for pregnant women to seek prompt medical attention if they notice decreased fetal movement or other concerning symptoms, as early detection and intervention can help prevent serious complications associated with IUFD and IUGR. In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend interventions such as early delivery or more frequent monitoring to ensure the well-being of the fetus.