Bicester and Willemyns (1989) propose a conceptualization of languages that challenges the traditional notion of discrete, separate languages. Instead, they argue for a more fluid understanding of language as a continuum, with languages existing along a spectrum rather than in distinct categories. This idea of a language continuum challenges the boundaries that have traditionally been imposed on languages and suggests a more dynamic and interconnected view of language diversity.

One way to visualize this concept of a language continuum is through the use of an arrow diagram. In this diagram, each language is represented as a point along a line, with arrows connecting them to show the relationships between languages. The arrows indicate the connections and influences between languages, highlighting the ways in which they are interconnected and can influence each other.

The arrow diagram of languages can help to illustrate the complex web

of language relationships and interactions that exist in the world. It demonstrates that languages are not isolated entities, but rather are part of a larger network of communication that is constantly evolving and changing.

This conceptualization of language as a continuum challenges the idea of linguistic boundaries and categories, emphasizing instead the fluidity and interconnectedness of language. It highlights the ways in which languages can influence each other, borrowing words, grammar structures, and cultural concepts from one another.

Overall, the arrow diagram can serve as a visual representation of the dynamic and complex nature of language diversity, suggesting that languages are not fixed entities but rather are part of a continuous and interconnected system of communication.