What are major principles of classical and operant conditioning simplified
Classical conditioning:
1. Association: When two stimuli are repeatedly paired together, they become associated in the individual's mind. For example, the sound of a bell ringing (neutral stimulus) becomes associated with the arrival of food (unconditioned stimulus), causing the dog to salivate in anticipation of food.
2. Acquisition: The process of learning the association between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
3. Extinction: When the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus, the association weakens and eventually disappears.
Operant conditioning:
1. Reinforcement: The process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior being repeated by providing a positive consequence (positive reinforcement) or removing a negative consequence (negative reinforcement) after the behavior occurs.
2. Punishment: The process of decreasing the likelihood of a behavior being repeated by providing a negative consequence (positive punishment) or removing a positive consequence (negative punishment) after the behavior occurs.
3. Shaping: The process of gradually guiding an individual towards a desired behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the target behavior.