. This is because any changes in the environment that affect the stability or structure of the snowdrifts can have a direct impact on the survival of the pups. For example, increased temperatures can cause the snowdrifts to melt or collapse, leading to the abandonment or death of the pups. Other abiotic changes, such as changes in snow cover or availability of food, can also indirectly affect pup mortality by impacting the health and survival of the mother seal. Therefore, any disruption to the natural ecosystem of the ringed seal habitat can potentially increase pup mortality rate.
