What are two lesser-known functions of the kidneys (via released hormones and prostaglandins)?
1. Erythropoietin: The kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. This hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining the appropriate levels of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the body.
2. Renin: The kidneys also release renin, an enzyme that plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Renin is involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which helps control blood pressure by regulating the amount of sodium and water reabsorbed by the kidneys.