If the Union captured Petersburg, Virginia, a vital railroad center, it would control all supply lines into the Confederate capital at Richmond. As at Vicksburg. Grant used siege tactics. Lee's forces struck effective blows against the Uniort troops, which suffered over 40,000 casualties. The Confederates lost 28,000 men, but Lee had no replacement troops in reserve. Southerners began to talk of peace.
In February, a party led by Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens met with Lincoln to discuss a feasible end to the war, but these discussions produced no results. Congress had recently proposed the Thirteenth Amendment, which would outlaw slavery in the United States. The South was unwilling to accept a future withr. out slavery. On April 2, Lee ordered a retreat from Petersburg. Or April 9, 1865, Lee formally surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. On April 14, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theater. His death had a deep political impact, uniting his northern supporters and critics, who saw him as a hero and symbol of freedom.
When the Civil War began, it was unclear who would be victori-ous. However, the North was able to marshal its greater technological prowess, larger population, and more abundant resources. Mean-while, the South used up its resources, unable to call upon fresh troops and supplies. In the long run, the North's Anaconda Plan suc-ceeded. When opinion in the North was bitterly divided, Lincoln's steady leadership helped keep the nation together.
When the war was over, more than 600,000 Americans were dead. The Civil War ushered in the harsh reality of modern warfare, as ordinary citizens viewed the carnage of the battlefield through the photographs of Mathew Brady. The southern landscape was in shambles, with many people left homeless and in shock. African Americans were disoriented, but they also had a new sense of hope.
In the North, the industrial boom that was fueled by the war contin-ued. In the decades following the war, factories, banks, and cities underwent sweeping industrialization. Debates over states' rights did not end with the Civil War, although the war helped cement federal authority.
Review Questions
1. What factors enabled the North to win the Civil War?
2: how did he civil war affect ordinary citizens in both the north and the south?
1. The North was able to win the Civil War due to its greater technological prowess, larger population, and more abundant resources. The North was also able to effectively block the South's supply lines and wear down their resources with strategies like the Anaconda Plan.
2. The Civil War had a significant impact on ordinary citizens in both the North and the South. Many citizens in the South were left homeless and in shock as the war devastated their landscape. African Americans had a new sense of hope but were also disoriented by the changes brought about by the war. In the North, the industrial boom fueled by the war continued, leading to sweeping industrialization in the decades following the war. The harsh reality of modern warfare was also brought to light through images of the battlefield, leaving many citizens traumatized by the carnage of war.
Can you write the answers in shorter sentences?
1. The North won the Civil War due to its technological prowess, larger population, and abundant resources, as well as effective strategies like the Anaconda Plan.
2. The Civil War left many in the South homeless and in shock, while African Americans felt disoriented yet hopeful. In the North, industrial growth continued, and citizens were traumatized by the harsh realities of modern warfare.
Even shorter?
1. North won with technology, population, and resources.
2. South suffered, African Americans hopeful, North industrialized, citizens traumatized.
Focus question: how did the radical republicans plans for reconstruction differ from Lincoln’s and Johnson’s
*write the main ideas about reconstruction*
Lincoln(5 points)
Johnson(3 points)
Congress(3 points)
Lincoln:
1. Offered a lenient plan for Reconstruction, known as the 10 Percent Plan.
2. Emphasized quick reconciliation and forgiveness for the Southern states.
3. Pardoned many former Confederates and aimed for a speedy restoration of the Union.
4. Supported limited rights for freed slaves, primarily focusing on preserving the Union.
5. Believed in a more moderate and conciliatory approach towards the Southern states.
Johnson:
1. Continued Lincoln's lenient approach to Reconstruction after Lincoln's assassination.
2. Impeached by Congress for clashing with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction policies.
3. Issued pardons and amnesty to many former Confederates, angering Radical Republicans.
Congress:
1. Implemented a more radical approach to Reconstruction known as the Reconstruction Acts.
2. Divided the South into military districts under military rule to enforce new rights for African Americans.
3. Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment to grant citizenship and equal rights to freed slaves.
Use the passage for the answers!
Lincoln:
1. Offered a lenient plan for Reconstruction, known as the 10 Percent Plan.
2. Emphasized quick reconciliation and forgiveness for the Southern states.
3. Pardoned many former Confederates and aimed for a speedy restoration of the Union.
4. Supported limited rights for freed slaves, primarily focusing on preserving the Union.
5. Believed in a more moderate and conciliatory approach towards the Southern states.
Johnson:
1. Continued Lincoln's lenient approach to Reconstruction after Lincoln's assassination.
2. Pardoned many former Confederates and aimed for quick restoration of the Union.
3. Clashed with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction policies.
Congress:
1. Implemented the more radical Reconstruction Acts to divide the South into military districts.
2. Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment to grant equal rights to freed slaves.
3. Impeached Johnson for opposing the Radical Republican approach to Reconstruction.