Please provide a minimum of ten sources in Harvard referencing style for the following assignment:
English limited-context and English oriented-context are two different approaches to language learning and teaching. English limited-context focuses on teaching language in isolated phrases or sentences, without taking into account the cultural or situational context in which the language is used. This approach can be helpful for beginners who need to understand basic grammar rules and vocabulary before moving on to more complex language skills. However, it may not be as effective for developing communication skills or cultural understanding.
On the other hand, English oriented-context approach places a strong emphasis on using language in real-life situations and contexts. This approach encourages learners to use language in authentic settings, such as conversations, role-plays, or real-life scenarios. By doing so, learners are better able to understand the nuances of language use, cultural norms, and social interactions. This approach is particularly effective for developing communication skills and cultural understanding.
When it comes to language acquisition, there are three main perspectives that are commonly discussed: Behaviorist, Socio-cultural, and Innatist.
Behaviorist perspective focuses on the role of reinforcement and repetition in language learning. According to this perspective, language is acquired through a process of imitation, repetition, and reinforcement. For example, students might repeat new vocabulary words or phrases many times until they are able to use them correctly in conversation.
Socio-cultural perspective, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of social interaction and cultural context in language learning. According to this perspective, language is acquired through social interactions, such as conversations, storytelling, or group discussions. By engaging with others in meaningful ways, learners are able to develop their language skills in a natural and authentic manner.
Innatist perspective argues that language acquisition is an innate ability that all humans possess. According to this perspective, children are born with the cognitive mechanisms necessary for language learning, and they acquire language naturally through exposure to linguistic input. This perspective emphasizes the importance of exposure to rich and varied language input in order to facilitate language acquisition.
In an EFAL intermediate phase classroom, one could apply the Socio-cultural perspective by incorporating group discussions and role-plays into the language learning activities. For example, students could be divided into small groups and given a scenario to act out in English. This would not only help students practice their language skills in a real-life context but also encourage them to engage with each other and learn from their peers.
Overall, each of these perspectives offers valuable insights into how language acquisition occurs and can be applied in different ways in the classroom to support language learning and development. By understanding and incorporating these perspectives into teaching practices, educators can create a more engaging and effective learning environment for their students.
Reference:
Harley, B. (2013). The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory. Psychology Press.
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2. Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Pearson Longman.
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4. Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2013). How Languages Are Learned. Oxford University Press.
5. Byram, M., & Dervin, F. (Eds.). (2008). Students, Staff and Academic Mobility in Higher Education. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
6. Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press.
7. Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
8. Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
9. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.