"The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to teaching and learning in South African higher education due to limitations in network connectivity and access. While the national lockdown exacerbated existing issues of national inequalities, government inefficiencies, and institutional weaknesses, it also highlighted the importance of digital literacy in higher education. Both students and lecturers expressed concerns about the lack of technical skills necessary for learning in the 21st century. As reported in our study, the pandemic was not the sole cause of these challenges but rather intensified an already difficult situation".
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