I need help with answering these questions here are the questions and responses.
Question 33(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05.HC)
The graph below shows ocean data relating to climate change. As the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and in seawater increase, the pH of seawater decreases. Using the graph and your knowledge of marine science, what can you predict about the role of the ocean in affecting CO2 levels in the future and why?
Graph shows ocean data related to climate change. From 1960 to 2010 the amount of seawater carbon dioxide ranges from 315 to 380. From 1990 to 2010 the seawater pH ranges from 8.13 to 8.08 and the atmospheric carbon dioxide ranges from 8.13 to 8.30.
© 2015, Ocean Portal (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History)
The graph shows the beginning of a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The ocean will absorb carbon dioxide from the air more rapidly as pH levels continue to decrease.
The graph indicates that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will continue to increase. The ocean will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, continuing to decrease in the pH levels.
The graph shows that increasing carbon dioxide levels in the ocean lead to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The ocean will produce carbon dioxide in higher levels.
The graph shows that the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing simultaneously in water and air. The pH levels will start to increase along with this trend.
Question 34(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.01 HC)
Scientists have been studying threats to coral reefs. Some reefs around the Southeast shore of Australia have experienced increased threats while others in the Northwest shore of Australia have seen a decrease in threat. Explain the most effective way that scientists could use this information to design a new study aimed at developing reef protections.
Scientists could compare environmental conditions in the threatened Australian reefs with other reefs near Florida, since there would be little overlap in their characteristics.
Scientists could compare environmental conditions in the two sets of Australian reefs, because those reefs are more likely to be similar in many ways. This will help highlight the difference that is causing the threat.
Scientists could compare environmental conditions in two sets of reefs in Florida and apply that data to the reefs in Australia.
Scientists could compare environmental conditions in reefs randomly selected from around the world to get the most variable set of conditions possible and to make good comparisons.
Question 35(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.04 LC)
Which density/temperature statement is correct?
The density of freshwater increases as the temperature increases.
The density of freshwater remains constant as temperature decreases.
The density of saline (salty) water increases as temperature decreases.
The density of saline (salty) water increases as temperature increases.
Question 36(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06 LC)
Decomposers are important to the biogeochemical cycle because they break down organic matter and make the nutrients available to other organisms. What is the process of breaking down organic nitrogen to ammonia known as?
Ammonification
Assimilation
Denitrification
Nitrification
Question 37(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.03 MC)
In general, how do most nutrients reach the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones?
Nutrients sink into these zones from the epipelagic zone.
Nutrients diffuse into these zones from deeper water.
Nutrients are produced by phytoplankton living in these zones.
Nutrients are produced by zooplankton living in these zones.
Question 38(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.01 MC)
When a whale carcass sinks to the ocean floor it creates an environment appropriate for succession to happen. How would you explain this phenomenon?
The chemical compounds in the whale carcass degrade over time and become fossilized remains that form the ocean floor.
The cold water at the ocean depth doesn't allow for the whale carcass to be consumed by other organisms, creating a safe habitat in which organisms can live.
The whale carcass breaks down over time because different communities of organisms will feed on the whale for months.
The whale carcass is broken down very quickly by a community of fish and bacteria, at the end of which the whale will be completely consumed.
Question 39(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 MC)
An oceanographer discovered new seafloor being formed in the ocean at a divergent fault. The scientist classifies this as a trench. Is the scientist correct or incorrect and why or why not?
He is incorrect. Trenches are narrow openings occurring at subduction zones.
He is incorrect. Trenches are flat areas at the foot of continental shelves.
He is correct. Trenches are ancient volcanoes whose tops have eroded away.
He is correct. Trenches are areas between continental shelves and deeper ocean floors.
Question 40(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 LC)
What is the ocean feature identified in the illustration?
a diagram of the ocean floor with ridges, trenches, seamounts and volcanoes. The arrow is pointing toward the land at the edge of the ocean.
© 2016 Centre Learning Community Charter School
Continental shelf
Mid-ocean ridge
Seamount
Trench
Question 41(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.01 LC)
How does climate change affect the ocean ecosystem?
Climate change causes waves to be smaller in the Northern Hemisphere and larger in the Southern Hemisphere.
Climate change causes ocean currents to stop in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Southern Hemisphere.
Climate change increases temperatures in the ocean.
Climate change decreases temperatures in the ocean.
Question 42(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.06 LC)
In which zone would you expect to find the greatest abundance of marine organisms?
Middle intertidal zone
Supralittoral zone
High littoral zone
Low intertidal zone
Question 43(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.01 MC)
In recent years, scientists have examined sources of data to determine if human activities have influenced global climate change. Scientists have collected data on the extent of Arctic sea ice between 1980 and 2009 shown in the graph. What information from the graph could scientists use to strengthen their argument about the relationship between recent human activities and climate change?
Graph shows the change in Arctic ice thickness from mean, 1953-2013. The X axis indicates the year and the Y axis indicates the deviation from the mean ice thickness. In 1953 the deviation shows to be about 1.5 and concludes in 2013 at -2.
© 2016, National Snow & Ice Data Center
The extent of sea ice has consistently varied from year to year and does not indicate recent human activities have influenced overall global climate change.
The extent of sea ice shows a steady decline over the past 30 years indicating increasing human activities that release greenhouse gases have influenced global climate change.
A model based on previous and future sea ice extent is needed to determine if recent human activities have influenced global climate change.
The extent of sea ice shows natural fluctuations and does not indicate a pattern that human activities have influenced overall global climate change.
Question 44(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.06 LC)
In what zone is the ability to burrow and sustain changes in temperature and salinity important for an organisms' survival?
Supralittoral zone
Sublittoral zone
High intertidal zone
Low intertidal zone
Question 45(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.03 LC)
If you were descending through the ocean zones in a submersible, which would be the first zone you encounter that is entirely without light?
Abyssopelagic
Bathypelagic
Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Question 46(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.05 MC)
What evidence suggests that the ocean influences climate change?
The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide.
The ocean releases carbon dioxide.
The ocean moves cold water to the Arctic.
The ocean moves warm water to the equator.
Question 47(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.02 MC)
In recent years, scientists have collected data on the extent of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as shown in the graph. How does the data in the graph support or refute the theory of global climate change?
Graph shows the change in Arctic ice thickness from mean, 1953-2013. The X axis indicates the year and the Y axis indicates the deviation from the mean ice thickness. In 1953 the deviation shows to be about 1.5 and concludes in 2013 at -2 .
© 2016, National Snow & Ice Data Center
The graph supports this theory because it shows that the sea rises and falls yearly.
The graph supports this theory as it shows a gradual decline in sea ice extent.
The graph refutes this theory as it shows only normal yearly fluctuations in sea ice extent.
The graph refutes this theory because it does not provide any information on global temperatures.
Question 48(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.01 MC)
Why is the youngest rock found near mid-ocean ridges?
At mid-ocean ridges, the seafloor is spreading as the plates move away from each other.
At mid-ocean ridges, plates collide and this produces new seafloor material.
At mid-ocean ridges, plates rise and then bend into trenches.
At mid-ocean ridges, subduction occurs and the upper plate is always younger.
Question 49(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.03 MC)
Why is pressure greater in the abyssopelagic zone than in the bathypelagic zone?
The pressure increases with the lack of light.
The pressure increases with increasing salt content.
The pressure increases with decreasing temperature.
The pressure increases with the weight of the water above.
Question 50(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(01.01 MC)
A scientist studying algae growth in a coral reef observed that the presence of a certain type of zooplankton inhibited the algae growth. The scientist hypothesized that the zooplankton was eating the algae. If this hypothesis is supported by experimental work, what conclusions can be drawn?
The zooplankton will also feed on other types of algae as well as coral.
The algae is likely sensitive to pH levels.
The algae can be used to attract zooplankton in deep water conditions.
The zooplankton can be used to help control algal growth in some coral communities.
Question 51(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(02.06 LC)
What process in the hydrological cycle occurs when water vapor in the air changes to liquid water?
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Vaporization
Question 33: The graph shows that as the levels of carbon dioxide in seawater increase, the pH of seawater decreases. This suggests that the ocean will absorb carbon dioxide from the air more rapidly as pH levels continue to decrease. The correct response is: The graph shows the beginning of a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The ocean will absorb carbon dioxide from the air more rapidly as pH levels continue to decrease.
Question 34: Scientists could compare environmental conditions in the two sets of Australian reefs because those reefs are more likely to be similar in many ways. This will help highlight the difference that is causing the threat. The correct response is: Scientists could compare environmental conditions in the two sets of Australian reefs, because those reefs are more likely to be similar in many ways. This will help highlight the difference that is causing the threat.
Question 35: The density of saline (salty) water increases as temperature decreases. The correct response is: The density of saline (salty) water increases as temperature decreases.
Question 36: The process of breaking down organic nitrogen to ammonia is known as ammonification. The correct response is: Ammonification.
Question 37: In general, most nutrients reach the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones by sinking into these zones from the epipelagic zone. The correct response is: Nutrients sink into these zones from the epipelagic zone.
Question 38: When a whale carcass sinks to the ocean floor, it creates an environment appropriate for succession to happen because the whale carcass is broken down over time by different communities of organisms that feed on it for months. The correct response is: The whale carcass breaks down over time because different communities of organisms will feed on the whale for months.
Question 39: An oceanographer discovered new seafloor being formed in the ocean at a divergent fault and classified it as a trench. This is incorrect. Trenches are narrow openings occurring at subduction zones. The correct response is: He is incorrect. Trenches are narrow openings occurring at subduction zones.
Question 40: The ocean feature identified in the illustration is a mid-ocean ridge. The correct response is: Mid-ocean ridge.
Question 41: Climate change increases temperatures in the ocean. The correct response is: Climate change increases temperatures in the ocean.
Question 42: The greatest abundance of marine organisms would be expected to be found in the low intertidal zone. The correct response is: Low intertidal zone.
Question 43: The extent of sea ice shows a steady decline over the past 30 years indicating increasing human activities that release greenhouse gases have influenced global climate change. The correct response is: The extent of sea ice shows a steady decline over the past 30 years indicating increasing human activities that release greenhouse gases have influenced global climate change.
Question 44: The ability to burrow and sustain changes in temperature and salinity is important for an organism's survival in the sublittoral zone. The correct response is: Sublittoral zone.
Question 45: The first zone encountered that is entirely without light when descending through the ocean zones in a submersible would be the bathypelagic zone. The correct response is: Bathypelagic.
Question 46: The evidence that suggests the ocean influences climate change is that the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide. The correct response is: The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide.
Question 47: The data in the graph support the theory of global climate change because it shows a gradual decline in sea ice extent. The correct response is: The graph supports this theory as it shows a gradual decline in sea ice extent.
Question 48: The youngest rock is found near mid-ocean ridges because at mid-ocean ridges, the seafloor is spreading as the plates move away from each other. The correct response is: At mid-ocean ridges, the seafloor is spreading as the plates move away from each other.
Question 49: Pressure is greater in the abyssopelagic zone than in the bathypelagic zone because the pressure increases with the weight of the water above. The correct response is: The pressure increases with the weight of the water above.
Question 50: If the hypothesis that the zooplankton is eating the algae is supported by experimental work, the conclusion that can be drawn is that the zooplankton can be used to help control algal growth in some coral communities. The correct response is: The zooplankton can be used to help control algal growth in some coral communities.